In my new piece for @TheAtlantic yesterday on Trump’s Russia - Ukraine negotiations I have a short section on how to deter Putin from escalating its shadow war against Europe. Three concrete ideas that may work— threaten to place air defense in western Ukraine, extend Ukraine’s use of Starlink into Russia, and in the event of a mass casualty event in Europe, designate Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism. The last one we used successfully in 2024. All of these, if communicated privately, may given Putin pause. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/2026/10/trump-putin-ukraine-nato/689118/?gift=ggA7qUwxEgEyXL4EF2z6nulnxCOFUzN8Bz05hmHi--U