reply @SheikhRaih100 That’s the goal, letting agents pick up right where they left off across different tools without needing a replay.
Quickstart is up if you want to test it out: https://walrus.xyz/memory
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August Yielded a Record Month in RWA Perp Volume
Cash markets do not share a clock and RWA perps don’t wait for them to agree. August was another record month against the previous report’s published July baseline. The tracked RWA perp market generated $751.9 billion in RWA perp volume, versus $708.3 billion in July, a 6.2% increase. The market also handled a wider range of situations. Memory equities reversed after a long run higher. Seoul paused program trading during a sharp selloff. Moderna doubled after a clinical readout. Different markets, different schedules, one place to keep trading. The month was larger AND broader: more assets, more types of event, and more reasons to trade around the clock. Yet, still a lot of market left to build. Memory Equities Traded in Both Directions July was a one-way memory trade. August brought the other side of it. The tracked memory complex — SNDK, SKHYNIX, SKHY, MU, SNXX, DRAM, and SAMSUNG — generated $327.4 billion, or 43.5% of August volume. Four of the ten most-traded assets came from the group: SNDK ranked first, SKHYNIX third, MU sixth, and SKHY tenth.
On August 4, the memory trade moved higher. SanDisk rose 8%, Micron 6%, and SK hynix 4% after the companies advanced the first Open Compute Project HBF specification. On August 18, it moved lower: Micron fell 5%, SanDisk 6%, Western Digital 7%, and SK hynix 6% as Treasury yields moved higher and investors repriced the trade. The same group drove both the rally and the selloff and kept trading through both. Korea Sold Off; Perps Kept Trading Korean exposure was not a side story. SKHYNIX ranked third, KORU ninth, and SKHY tenth. Together, they generated $117.1 billion, or 15.6% of August volume. On August 19, the KOSPI fell nearly 6% and a Korea selloff triggered a five-minute sell-side sidecar for program trading. After the close, SK hynix announced a 40 trillion won buyback plan, and the KOSPI recovered almost all of the previous session’s loss the next day. MRNA Perps Listed in Hours. Depth Did Not. On August 19, Moderna and Merck reported positive Phase 3 results for their personalised mRNA cancer vaccine in melanoma. Moderna’s stock rose 176.97% in the session. Very few venues had an MRNA market live before the result; TrueCurrent was one. A few more markets followed shortly after the news broke, including TradeXYZ. From its August 19 listing through month-end, MRNA generated $571.6 million and ranked 69th by volume. Its first two sessions produced $213.5 million combined, representing close to 40% of its total monthly volume. The point is access to the event, not the total volume. Traders already have venues for recurring events around the MAG7 and large technology and AI companies, especially earnings. MRNA showed how that can extend to a smaller public company when a one-off clinical result drives attention. With the right risk, and market-data systems, an exchange can make the event tradable quickly, while the news is still relevant and driving volatility. The 24/7 Reference-Price Problem August brought a market-structure question into focus: who produces a usable price when traditional market infrastructure is closed, paused, or has not opened yet? Douro Labs and the Hyperliquid Policy Center brought that question into the SEC’s market-structure process, arguing that the SEC should recognize qualifying independent reference prices for onchain markets where the SIP-derived NBBO is unavailable or does not reflect onchain conditions. The standard they describe rests on direct contributors, a published methodology, transparent publishers, and checks against traditional market data. A separate SEC comment from the Hyperliquid Policy Center and trade[XYZ] used IPOPs — cash-settled pre-IPO perpetuals with no shares, voting rights, or claim on the issuer — as an example of price discovery before a public listing. The CFTC comment process raises a related question for 24/7 futures and perpetuals in energy markets, where the underlying can keep moving after U.S. futures close. All point to the same shift: perps are bringing questions of data provenance, instrument classification and market access into policy discussions. That is directly relevant to RWA markets. These issues are directly relevant to Pyth, whose data infrastructure is used across much of the tracked volume. August in Numbers August closed at $751.9 billion in tracked volume, a 6.2% increase from the previous month.
Asset Class Ranking The market is very much still equity-led with $487.3 billion or 64.8% of the total volume. Commodities followed at $152.3 billion (20.3%), then indices at $103.9 billion (13.8%) and FX at $8.3 billion (1.1%).
Venue Ranking August showcased a reshuffle behind Binance which is head and shoulders above the rest and still growing ($385.6 billion to $437.4 billion). OKX took the 2nd spot as it held its volume above $100 billion and moved from third to second, while Hyperliquid dropped sharply from July’s second-place position to $84.6 billion in August. The RWA perp volume remained top-five concentrated with over 95% of it being traded on Binance, OKX, Hyperliquid, Bitget, and Bybit.
Market-Data Provider Ranking On the data provider and infrastructure front, Pyth remained the undisputed leader with over $715 billion in RWA perp volume secured, representing 96.27% of the total tracked RWA perp volume. One extra percentage point compared to July further solidifying Pyth Pro and Indices as the products powering 24/7 tradfi markets.
Methodology and Sources All volume, listing and provider figures are drawn from Refraction Research and the RWA Markets dashboard, built by @zinnresearch. Volume is notional traded volume across tracked perpetual venues. Volume priced per market data provider attributes each venue-symbol pair to its stated pricing source, weighted by volume. Pairs without a confirmed source are recorded as unverified.
75·ALong
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news9/8news
August Yielded a Record Month in RWA Perp Volume
Cash markets do not share a clock and RWA perps don’t wait for them to agree.
August was another record month against the previous report’s published July baseline. The tracked RWA perp market generated $751.9 billion in RWA perp volume, versus $708.3 billion in July, a 6.2% increase.
The market also handled a wider range of situations. Memory equities reversed after a long run higher. Seoul paused program trading during a sharp selloff. Moderna doubled after a clinical readout. Different markets, different schedules, one place to keep trading.
The month was larger AND broader: more assets, more types of event, and more reasons to trade around the clock. Yet, still a lot of market left to build.
Memory Equities Traded in Both Directions
July was a one-way memory trade. August brought the other side of it.
The tracked memory complex — SNDK, SKHYNIX, SKHY, MU, SNXX, DRAM, and SAMSUNG — generated $327.4 billion, or 43.5% of August volume. Four of the ten most-traded assets came from the group: SNDK ranked first, SKHYNIX third, MU sixth, and SKHY tenth.
On August 4, the memory trade moved higher. SanDisk rose 8%, Micron 6%, and SK hynix 4% after the companies advanced the first Open Compute Project HBF specification. On August 18, it moved lower: Micron fell 5%, SanDisk 6%, Western Digital 7%, and SK hynix 6% as Treasury yields moved higher and investors repriced the trade.
The same group drove both the rally and the selloff and kept trading through both.
Korea Sold Off; Perps Kept Trading
Korean exposure was not a side story. SKHYNIX ranked third, KORU ninth, and SKHY tenth. Together, they generated $117.1 billion, or 15.6% of August volume.
On August 19, the KOSPI fell nearly 6% and a Korea selloff triggered a five-minute sell-side sidecar for program trading. After the close, SK hynix announced a 40 trillion won buyback plan, and the KOSPI recovered almost all of the previous session’s loss the next day.
MRNA Perps Listed in Hours. Depth Did Not.
On August 19, Moderna and Merck reported positive Phase 3 results for their personalised mRNA cancer vaccine in melanoma. Moderna’s stock rose 176.97% in the session.
Very few venues had an MRNA market live before the result; TrueCurrent was one. A few more markets followed shortly after the news broke, including TradeXYZ.
From its August 19 listing through month-end, MRNA generated $571.6 million and ranked 69th by volume. Its first two sessions produced $213.5 million combined, representing close to 40% of its total monthly volume.
The point is access to the event, not the total volume. Traders already have venues for recurring events around the MAG7 and large technology and AI companies, especially earnings. MRNA showed how that can extend to a smaller public company when a one-off clinical result drives attention. With the right risk, and market-data systems, an exchange can make the event tradable quickly, while the news is still relevant and driving volatility.
The 24/7 Reference-Price Problem
August brought a market-structure question into focus: who produces a usable price when traditional market infrastructure is closed, paused, or has not opened yet?
Douro Labs and the Hyperliquid Policy Center brought that question into the SEC’s market-structure process, arguing that the SEC should recognize qualifying independent reference prices for onchain markets where the SIP-derived NBBO is unavailable or does not reflect onchain conditions. The standard they describe rests on direct contributors, a published methodology, transparent publishers, and checks against traditional market data.
A separate SEC comment from the Hyperliquid Policy Center and trade[XYZ] used IPOPs — cash-settled pre-IPO perpetuals with no shares, voting rights, or claim on the issuer — as an example of price discovery before a public listing. The CFTC comment process raises a related question for 24/7 futures and perpetuals in energy markets, where the underlying can keep moving after U.S. futures close.
All point to the same shift: perps are bringing questions of data provenance, instrument classification and market access into policy discussions. That is directly relevant to RWA markets. These issues are directly relevant to Pyth, whose data infrastructure is used across much of the tracked volume.
August in Numbers
August closed at $751.9 billion in tracked volume, a 6.2% increase from the previous month.
Asset Class Ranking
The market is very much still equity-led with $487.3 billion or 64.8% of the total volume. Commodities followed at $152.3 billion (20.3%), then indices at $103.9 billion (13.8%) and FX at $8.3 billion (1.1%).
Venue Ranking
August showcased a reshuffle behind Binance which is head and shoulders above the rest and still growing ($385.6 billion to $437.4 billion). OKX took the 2nd spot as it held its volume above $100 billion and moved from third to second, while Hyperliquid dropped sharply from July’s second-place position to $84.6 billion in August. The RWA perp volume remained top-five concentrated with over 95% of it being traded on Binance, OKX, Hyperliquid, Bitget, and Bybit.
Market-Data Provider Ranking
On the data provider and infrastructure front, Pyth remained the undisputed leader with over $715 billion in RWA perp volume secured, representing 96.27% of the total tracked RWA perp volume. One extra percentage point compared to July further solidifying Pyth Pro and Indices as the products powering 24/7 tradfi markets.
Methodology and Sources
All volume, listing and provider figures are drawn from Refraction Research and the RWA Markets dashboard, built by @zinnresearch.
Volume is notional traded volume across tracked perpetual venues.
Volume priced per market data provider attributes each venue-symbol pair to its stated pricing source, weighted by volume. Pairs without a confirmed source are recorded as unverified.
75·ALong
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Top Overnight News
Yemen's Tehran-backed Houthis attacked four cities in the south of U.S. ally Saudi Arabia on Tuesday, wounding more than 70 people and setting oil installations ablaze in what appeared to be a major expansion of the six-month-old Middle East war. They used drones and missiles to strike a Saudi airbase in the southern city of Khamis Mushait, and targets belonging to Saudi Arabia's state oil company in nearby Abha, Najran on the Yemeni border and Jazan, a major Red Sea port city that houses a large refinery and power plant. Reuters
The war in Iran has now cost U.S. consumers $100 billion in higher energy prices, and the bill is rising another $1 million about every two minutes, per a real-time estimate from Brown University as of Monday morning. Inflation shows up across the entire economy, and the recent surge in diesel prices threatens to have a dramatic impact on freight and travel in the weeks and months to come. Axios
In offices across the military and in the intelligence community, there have been recent quiet discussions about cutting the number of people and facilities typically stationed in the Middle East if the Trump administration succeeds in ending the Iran conflict. CNN
New Canadian tariffs targeting roughly $20 billion in U.S. imports officially snapped into place on Tuesday, the latest escalation in an increasingly costly trade war that has ensnarled two longtime allies. NYT
Japanese workers’ nominal wages rose at the fastest pace in nearly three decades on the back of strong corporate earnings and a tight labor market, in data likely to keep the Bank of Japan on course for further monetary tightening. BBG
Two hawks on the Bank of Japan's monetary policy board are calling more strongly for the central bank to accelerate its interest rate increases, pushing it to do more to rein in inflation before their terms end next July. Nikkei
China’s export growth accelerated in August, swelling its trade surplus near $806 billion for the year. Its surplus with the US surged almost 44% to more than $29 billion. BBG
China's car exports stayed robust in August as BYD and other automakers shipped a record number of vehicles overseas, in sharp contrast to a sluggish domestic market where their sales fell for the 11th month in a row. Passenger vehicle exports jumped 77.5% from a year earlier to 894,000 units in August, easing from an increase of 88.2% a month earlier. Reuters.
Goldman raised its oil price outlook by $5 a barrel, forecasting Brent at $85 by December and $80 in 2027 on expectations Middle East shipping disruptions will persist. BBG
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Samsung Electronics and ASML Expand Strategic Collaboration for Next-Generation Semiconductor Manufacturing
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From the @WSJ comprehensive review of growing economic pressure on Tehran (which makes the next two months so dangerous b/c the regime is against the wall):
“Some Chinese buyers are turning to Saudi, Iraqi and United Arab Emirates crude, Gulf energy officials said. In some cases, Iranian oil now costs refiners more than competing supplies due to its relative scarcity, they said. Iraq has offered discounts of nearly $30 a barrel on some grades. Brent crude was trading at around $97 a barrel Monday. The blockade is also forcing Iran to cut some production. Oil stockpiles haven’t risen much, suggesting Iran has brought its output down closer to what it needs at home, said Homayoun Falakshahi, head of crude-oil analysis at Kpler. That suggests the scenario analysts predicted during the initial blockade this spring—that Iran would have to pare back output to keep its backed-up oil from hitting the ‘tank tops’ of available storage—is playing out.
Overland routes offer little relief. It is only possible to move small amounts of oil by truck or rail compared with seaborne exports and Iran mostly lacks wagons designed for crude or refined products. Iran could move no more than 40,000 barrels a day via trucks, a sliver of its prewar exports of close to 2 million barrels a day, Falakshahi said.”
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French AI startup Mistral has raised 3 billion euros ($3.5 billion) in fresh funding led by memory chip giant Samsung.
➡️Mistral CEO Arthur Mensch told CNBC that the funds will go toward building more infrastructure, including its own data centers.
➡️The capital raising round values the company at more than 21 billion euros ($24 billion), double the level of a year ago.
BUSINESS SIDE ➡️ WISeKey joins the Hedera Council as Strategic Partner for Post-Quantum Identity and IoT.
On September 4, cybersecurity and IoT leader WISeKey joined the Hedera Council as its fourth Strategic Partner. The collaboration focuses on deploying trusted identity, PQC-secure semiconductors, and machine-to-machine data exchanges via subsidiary SEALCOIN AG on Hedera's distributed network.
How critical will post-quantum cryptographic security and hardware-rooted identity be for enterprise and IoT DLT deployments?
Protopica: “Sin Agua No Hay Tiempo” by @ManuVision and @willselviz explores cultural memory, speculative futures, and ancestral technologies.
Rendered in 18K on Render Network. Coming to #SUBMERGE at @artechouse DC on September 11.
🎟️ https://www.artechouse.com/location/dc/
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Protopica: “Sin Agua No Hay Tiempo� by @ManuVision and @willselviz explores cultural memory, speculative futures, and ancestral technologies.
Rendered in 18K on Render Network. Coming to #SUBMERGE at @artechouse DC on September 11.
Protopica: “Sin Agua No Hay Tiempo” by @ManuVision and @willselviz explores cultural memory, speculative futures, and ancestral technologies.
Rendered in 18K on Render Network. Coming to #SUBMERGE at @artechouse DC on September 11.
🎟️ https://www.artechouse.com/location/dc/
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$638 billion is Oracle's remaining performance obligation as of its latest quarter, up from $553 billion the quarter before and $523 billion before that.
AI contracts are accumulating, well ahead of capacity coming online.
Filecoin storage capacity is already running. https://t.co/meY9QgHoLX
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$638 billion is Oracle's remaining performance obligation as of its latest quarter, up from $553 billion the quarter before and $523 billion before that.
AI contracts are accumulating, well ahead of capacity coming online.
Filecoin storage capacity is already running.
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news9/7news
Self-Sovereign GraphQL in Every Browser
Arweave holds the data and the index; PermawebOS gives every user a node that can answer and prove its own queries.
The third principle of Arweave is “Guarantee the right to listen”. In cyberspace, you can only hear if you can actually discover the data. On the permaweb, that’s made possible with GraphQL.
GraphQL provides a critical link in the composability architecture of the permaweb: allowing all apps to build on top of the same, shared content lake, joined by a single global index. Arweave transactions are posted with tags, discoverable by wallet address, or the block they were mined into, but GraphQL is the layer that lets users and applications see all data matching these queries. Without it, there’d be no way to find data matching criteria, or build data protocol-based apps.
It’s one of the permaweb’s core utilities, but until now it has been confined to the realm of enterprise-grade hardware. Services like that are usually incredibly difficult to decentralize because the hardware requirements are high and the incentives are low. The permaweb’s GraphQL services so far have depended on building and maintaining gargantuan off-chain indexes of more than 76 billion rows: scanning the historical chain, keeping it current and serving it quickly. In practice, this has meant that permaweb apps inherit the availability and policy of a tiny number (often two, sometimes – like today – even just one) of hosted indexers which had no incentive to adopt a decentralized model.
Offset queries (queries that seek, intersect and page by weave position) will change everything about how Arweave’s query layer is served. HyperBEAM's offset-query path makes the index compact enough to publish on Arweave, orders it by weave offset, and lets any node or client query the relevant pages directly.
(txid)
This is not another centralized GraphQL service, and it’s not just a way to make GraphQL more available to node operators. It is a method that makes GraphQL execution so lightweight that it can be run directly on users’ browsers, with Arweave nodes simply serving them data chunks.
Hyperoptimized GraphQL with Offsets
All pieces of data in Arweave already have unique positions in the weave – every byte is either ‘before’ or ‘after’ every other byte. We call these byte positions in the network offsets. In March, we showed how any transaction on the weave can be referenced by its offset as a name -- short, deterministic values like 101t.arweave.net, derived only from the data’s onweave properties.
That same offset property gives us more than a way to retrieve bytes. It also can power queries because it gives us a common ordering that can be reused across every possible match in an index.
The new match index stores rows using three extremely compact values:
a hash of the field name being matched;
a hash of the value that is present;
the weave offset of the item carrying that predicate.
Each potential match is compressed into an average of just ~9.5 bytes per row, each stored in an onweave ArLMDB database. By utilizing Arweave chunks as batches of LMDB pages, ArLMDB allows us to traverse the database to find any specific node with only a few individual Arweave node requests. By organizing rows into the compressed components 1-3 above, a query with two or three factors to match can walk those ordered sets together, advancing whichever cursor is behind until the offsets meet – a ‘leapfrog’ version of the same flow as a single lookup. Critically, finding the intersection is part of finding the results for each match criteria -- not a second step.
The same ordering solves pagination -- page fifty can seek to its starting offset instead of replaying pages one through forty-nine. Offset lookups give results a stable order without adding another ordering database.
AO Compute; Arweave the Shared Hard Drive
LMDB is normally a local database file. HyperBEAM's new arlmdb store reads that database from Arweave instead.
Try decentralized GraphQL from your browser
This is already proven at production scale with item lookup. A 622 GiB transaction contains the locations of over 70 billion rows. HyperBEAM reads the database where it sits. A cold lookup traverses it with three Arweave chunk requests; once the shared branches are cached, another lookup needs just one. The ArLMDB implementation is merged into HyperBEAM and used for ID lookups from Arweave.
With an immutable index on Arweave, anyone can read it without trusting the publisher to keep a query endpoint online. Like the Arweave schedulers powering Bazar, this is another example of AO employing Arweave as the source of truth, and using it to power the permaweb.
Instead of every query operator repeating the historical sweep and building the same large database, nodes serve chunks while the client traverses the index locally. The node's job is reduced to serving bytes quickly. It does not decide which results exist, execute the filter or ask the application to trust its view of the weave. The live tip still needs rolling indexes, but the expensive historical work no longer has to be repeated by every participant.
The client does not even need the whole database (depending on optimization, we’ve seen database sizes anywhere between 1 and 60 terabytes). The production offset index already demonstrates the access pattern: in the live chunkar browser demo, the second arbitrary lookup needs only around half a megabyte of new index data to traverse the full offset index. The match index works the same way. It traverses the pages needed for the requested predicates, intersects the ordered rows, reads the candidate items and checks that they actually carry the fields requested by the query. This is lightweight enough to make it so that every user can be their own personal no-dependency GraphQL service provider, with provable data, from the browser.
As well as the browser playground, today you can use the arlmdb.js library to integrate Arweave-stored database lookups into UIs.
From Centralized Node to Self-Sovereign Service
Today an application sends a GraphQL request to a server that already holds an index. With a published offset index, the application can instead hold a locator and a cache.
A HyperBEAM node can do that, but one way we imagine most users will access the query layer is through the browser: a user's application fetches Arweave chunks, keeps the hot index pages locally and performs the query for itself. This can be baked into the PermawebOS browser extension along with the local AO node the extension already spawns. This shift brings more and more AO services that were previously hosted (on exclusive TEE hardware) into a local-first environment. The stack is becoming so lightweight it’s able to be run cheaply, per-user, as background services in the browsers, phones and laptops everyone already has.
Previous designs for a decentralized GraphQL layer were unable to answer the question of trust without TEEs. How can you be sure that the response you get back from a GraphQL server has arrived complete and uncensored? While PermawebOS node architectures like LapEE and AndEE solve the trust question in theory, in practice the job of indexing the entire blockweave is too big for small workers.
Offset queries over onweave LMDB data -- made lightweight enough to traverse and prove by any browser -- change the equation entirely.
The browser never asks a server to decide the answer. It asks nodes for the exact index chunks it needs and walks the authenticated LMDB pages itself, intersecting the offset-ordered sets locally.
The new schema provides chunks and Merkle paths for each page accessed; the recipient can repeat the exact same work and see that they get the same complete set, with no missing results. The hashpath signs the request + response pair, and the validator can trivially repeat the work, whether on a node or in a browser. The resulting item is then bound back to its ANS-104 ID. A node can withhold bytes and make itself unavailable, but it cannot alter a row, skip a qualifying result or invent one without breaking the proof.
The Personal Permaweb Stack
Decentralizing GraphQL does not necessarily require a decentralized fleet of GraphQL servers. The permaweb is unique in that it combines a decentralized permanent storage layer with everyday web semantics. HTTP, lightweight proofs, and browser-based nodes handle the workload when the logic is optimized enough to sidestep expensive hardware.
The network holds the whole index. Each user keeps only the path to their answer.
With PermawebOS putting an AO node in every browser and LapEE turning abundant consumer hardware into secure bundlers, schedulers and tunnels, local GraphQL pushes the permaweb towards a cyberspace everyone can own.
Read this on the Permaweb:
https://ao.arweave.net/#/blog/self-sovereign-graphql-in-every-browser